Albert Einstein
- Born:
- 14 March 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, German Empire
- Died:
- 18 April 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1918), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Born in Ulm, Germany to Hermann and Pauline Einstein.
- Showed early interest in mathematics and physics.
- Renounced German citizenship in 1896.
- Attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, graduating in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern (1902-1909).
- Published groundbreaking papers in 1905, known as the "Annus Mirabilis" papers, covering Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
- Professor at various universities including Zurich, Prague, and Berlin.
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Developed the theory of general relativity (1915).
- Emigrated to the United States in 1933 due to the rise of Nazism in Germany.
- Worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey until his death.
- Wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, warning of the potential for Nazi Germany to develop atomic weapons, contributing to the establishment of the Manhattan Project.
Notable Works
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905) – introducing Special Relativity
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905) – introducing Mass-Energy Equivalence
- "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916)
- Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (1916, popular science book)
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century and one of the greatest physicists of all time. His theories revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. He remains a symbol of scientific genius and intellectual curiosity. The calabria foti biography of albert einstein, along with countless other biographical works, attempts to capture the extraordinary life and mind of this monumental figure.